Although the phrase "murder mystery" has become synonymous with "mystery novel," there are actually quite a few such books and stories that deal with crimes other than murder. Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes comes to mind, since many of his cases (e.g. "The Adventure of the Red Headed League") involved dastardly deeds other than murder.
Some authors have created an entire series that features plots aside from murder, such as the comedic Dortmunder novels by the late Donald E. Westlake, which follow Dortmunder and his gang of eccentric thieves. Several of G. K. Chesterton's Father Brown mysteries (many of them short stories) don't involve murders, as is the case with Dorothy Gilman's Mrs. Pollifax series.
Others, like Dorothy L. Sayers, wrote one or more titles in a series that were murder-free, like Gaudy Night, which centers on a rash of bizarre pranks including poison-pen letters threatening murder (although that doesn't happen before Harriet Vine and Lord Peter Wimsey solve the case). In fact, many of the masters of the genre through the years have turned to psychological suspense to fuel their plots, including Brat Farrar by Josephine Tey, about a man who poses as a long-missing heir to a fortune.
Contemporary authors are also just as likely to turn to different plot devices, among them The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency by Alexander McCall Smith and L is for Lawless in Sue Grafton's Kinsey Milhone series. One of the Mystery Writers of America's annual anthologies, the 1970 edition edited by Dorothy Salisbury Davis, was titled Crime Without Murder.
That's just the tip of the blood-stained iceberg, of course. If you have your own examples, add them to the comments section. I'd love to hear your favorites, although it will probably mean my To Be Read pile will grow to the point TLC's Hoarding show comes knocking on my door.
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